How does LED backlighting work in a television and what is worth knowing about it?

Today's televisions can truly impress – the sharpness of the image, depth of colors, and ultra-thin designs are striking. Behind these effects stands a quiet hero: LED technology, which has been gradually replacing older forms of backlighting. But LED is not just about aesthetics or energy savings – it is primarily a key element influencing the quality of image reception.

LED in LCD televisions – how does it really work?

Although people commonly refer to 'LED televisions,' in reality, most of them are still LCD televisions, just with a modern backlighting system. An LCD screen does not emit light by itself – it needs light to illuminate the matrix from the back or sides. This is where LED diodes come into play – small but very efficient light sources, arranged differently depending on the type of backlighting.

Two technologies dominate the market: Edge LED and Direct LED (also known as Full Array). In the first, the diodes are located at the edges of the screen, and the light is dispersed across the entire panel using special diffusers. In the second, the diodes uniformly cover the entire surface behind the screen, providing greater precision in controlling brightness and contrast.

Edge LED vs. Direct LED – which is better for the eyes?

If deep blacks and even backlighting matter, Direct LED definitely wins. This technology allows for so-called local dimming, meaning independent control of individual segments of the backlighting. The effect? Bright areas of the image are intense, while dark areas are truly dark, without the halo that can ruin the effect.

Edge LED, on the other hand, is the choice for those who prioritize slimness and lightness of design. It’s a compromise – slightly less precise image, but a more modern look. In everyday use, especially in well-lit rooms, Edge LED performs flawlessly.

What is local dimming and does it always work?

Local dimming is a feature most commonly found in televisions with Direct LED backlighting. It allows for dynamic adjustment of brightness in selected areas of the screen, resulting in better contrast and more saturated colors. However, it is worth knowing that not every LED model offers this option. In cheaper devices with Edge LED, this feature may be present but often works symbolically.

LED vs. OLED – do not confuse the terms

Although it sounds similar, OLED is a completely different technology. In OLED televisions, each pixel emits light independently, eliminating the need for backlighting. This allows for achieving perfect blacks and infinite contrast. In LEDs, the light source is located behind the screen, so there is always a risk of slight overexposure or shading.

Is LED energy-efficient?

Definitely yes. Compared to older screens with CCFL backlighting, LED televisions consume much less power. LED diodes are not only energy-efficient but also very durable – which means less frequent equipment replacement and lower energy bills.